Attendance System

Understudy Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching A proposal submitted in fractional ful? llment of the prerequisites for the level of Bachelor of Computer Application in Computer Science by Sachin (Roll no. 107cs016) and Arun Sharma (Roll no. 107cs015) Under the direction of : Prof. R. C. Tripathi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769 008, Orissa, India 2 . Committed to Our Parents and Indian Scienti? c Community . 3 National Institute of Technology Rourkela Certi? cateThis is to ensure that the task entitled, ‘Student Attendance System Based On Fingerprint Recognition and One-to-Many Matching’ presented by Rishabh Mishra and Prashant Trivedi is a legitimate work done by them under my watch and direction for the fractional ful? llment of the prerequisites for the honor of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Computer Science and Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourke la. As far as I could possibly know, the issue typified in the venture has not been submitted to some other University/Institute for the honor of any Degree or Diploma.Date †9/5/2011 Rourkela (Prof. B. Majhi) Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering 4 Abstract Our task targets planning an understudy participation framework which could e? ectively oversee participation of understudies at foundations like NIT Rourkela. Participation is set apart after understudy identi? cation. For understudy identi? cation, a ? ngerprint acknowledgment based identi? cation framework is utilized. Fingerprints are viewed as the best and quickest strategy for biometric identi? cation. They are secure to utilize, one of a kind for each individual and doesn't change in one’s lifetime. Unique mark acknowledgment is an experienced ? ld today, yet at the same time recognizing individual from a lot of selected ? ngerprints is a period taking procedure. It was our obligation to improve the ? ngerp rint identi? cation framework for usage on enormous databases e. g. of a foundation or a nation and so forth. In this task, numerous new calculations have been utilized e. g. sexual orientation estimation, key based one to many coordinating, evacuating limit details. Utilizing these new calculations, we have built up an identi? cation framework which is quicker in usage than some other accessible today in the market. Despite the fact that we are utilizing this ? ngerprint identi? cation framework for understudy identi? ation reason in our task, the coordinating outcomes are acceptable to the point that it could perform very well on huge databases like that of a nation like India (MNIC Project). This framework was executed in Matlab10, Intel Core2Duo processor and correlation of our one to numerous identi? cation was finished with existing identi? cation method I. e. coordinated identi? cation on same stage. Our coordinating procedure runs in O(n+N) time when contrasted with the curr ent O(Nn2 ). The ? ngerprint identi? cation framework was tried on FVC2004 and Veri? nger databases. 5 Acknowledgments We offer our significant thanks and obligation to Prof. B.Majhi, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NIT, Rourkela for presenting the current point and for their moving scholarly direction, useful analysis and important proposal all through the undertaking work. We are additionally appreciative to Prof. Pankaj Kumar Sa , Ms. Hunny Mehrotra and other sta? s in Department of Computer Science and Engineering for inspiring us in improving the calculations. At last we might want to thank our folks for their help and allowing us remain for additional days to finish this task. Date †9/5/2011 Rourkela Rishabh Mishra Prashant Trivedi Contents 1 Introduction 1. 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 1. 6 1. 7 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inspiration and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilizing Biometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What is ? ngerprint? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Why use ? ngerprints? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilizing ? ngerprint acknowledgment framework for participation the executives . . . Association of the proposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 30 33 35 36 2 Attendance Management Framework 2. 2. 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 Hardware †Software Level Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation Management Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On-Line Attendance Report Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System and Database Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilizing remote system rather than LAN and bringing convenientce . . . 2. 5. 1 2. 6 Using Portable Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examination with other understudy participation frameworks . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fingerprint Identi? cation System 3. 1 3. 2 How Fingerprint Recognition functions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unique mark Identi? cation System Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Fingerprint Enhancement 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direction estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 CONTENTS 4. 4. 5 4. 6 4. 7 Ridge Frequency Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gabor ? lter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binarisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diminishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 59 60 5 Feature Extraction 5. 1 5. 2 Finding the Reference Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Details Extraction and Post-Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2. 1 5. 2. 2 5. 2. 3 5. 3 Minutiae Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evacuating Boundary Minutiae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Extraction of the key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3. 1 What is vital? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complex Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Partitioning of Database 6. 1 6. 2 6. 3 Gender Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classi? cation of Fingerprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apportioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Matching 7. 1 7. 2 7. 3 Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Existing Matching Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One to Many coordinating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 3. 1 7. 4 7. 5 Method of One to Many Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performing key match and full coordinating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Complexity of this coordinating strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Experimental Analysis 8. 1 8. 2 Implementation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unique mark Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 2. 1 8. 2. 2 Segmentation and Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direction Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 2. 3 8. 2. 4 8. . 5 8. 3 CONTENTS Ridge Frequency Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gabor Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binarisation and Thinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Feature Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 3. 1 Minutiae Extraction and Post Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . Part iculars Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In the wake of Removing Spurious and Boundary Minutiae . . . . . . . 8. 3. 2 Reference Point Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 4 Gender Estimation and Classi? ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 4. 1 8. 4. 2 Gender Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classi? cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 5 8. 6 Enrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coordinating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 6. 1 8. 6. 2 Fingerprint Veri? cation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Identi? cation Results and Comparison with Other Matching procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 70 73 74 75 79 8. 7 Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Conclusion 9. 1 Outcomes of this Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Future Work and Expectations 10. 1 Approach for Future Work A Matlab capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rundown of Figures 1. 1 2. 1 2. 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 3. 1 4. 1 4. 2 Example of an edge finishing and a bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment present in homerooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homeroom Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ER Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Level 0 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Level 1 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Level 2 DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convenient Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unique finger impression Identi? cation System Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direction Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (a)Original Image, (b)Enhanced Image, (c)Binarised Image, (d)Thinned Image . . . . . . . . . . .

Micronutrients Plays Significant Role In Plant Growth Biology Essay

Micronutrients Plays Significant Role In Plant Growth Biology Essay Stew Capsicum annuum L. a significant vegetable yield, broadly developed in Pakistan. Chillies are local to South and Central America. In Pakistan, Kunri is the home of red chillies. It contributes about 85% of red chillies created in Pakistan and is known as one of the biggest creation habitats for red chillies in Asia (SBI, 2010). It is a lasting little bush has a place with the family Solanaceae. It is a significant rural yield, on account of its financial significance, yet additionally because of healthful and restorative estimation of its natural products. Chillies are a brilliant wellspring of nutrients An and C and it additionally contains Ca, P and Fe (Horticulture, 1994). Stew is commonly adjusted to tropical atmosphere and significant bean stew developing nations are India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan, Turkey and Sri Lanka. Chillies are utilized in plates of mixed greens, chutneys, sauces, pickles and structure a key element of diet in each home. It is likewise utiliz ed in the arrangement of common shading operators, beautifying agents and agony medicine (Savitha, 2008). It is understood that harvest yield is seriously influenced by the lacks of micronutrients (Bose Tripathi, 1996). Plant sustenance has an incredible significance in upgrading quality and yield in chillies. In the event that a plant is Zn inadequate it very well may be constrained by direct utilization of Zn on plant leaves since Zn Salts are effortlessly consumed by the leaves. Zinc greatly affects vegetation forms, similar to take-up of nitrogen and protein quality, photosynthesis, chlorophyll combination (Potarzycki Grzebisz, 2009). Inadequacy indications right off the bat show up on more youthful leaves than the more seasoned leaves. A run of the mill side effect of Zn insufficiency is the hindered development of leaves. Zn is chemicals activator and is fundamental for the utilization of sugars and starches change (Kirkby Romheld, 2004). Plant necessity of micronutrients like Zn can be satisfied through soil application however in Pakistan soil pH is too high that constrains the micronutrients take-up to plant, so foliar use of micronutrients is favored over soil application. Foliar utilization of micronutrients may offer 6 to multiple times preferable outcomes in Pakistan over soil application (Liew, 1988). Foliar use of manures is being utilized in vegetable and natural product crops. Foliar manures are notable for sure fire conveyance of supplements to the plant tissues and organs (Baloch, Chachar Tareen, 2008). As Foliar nourishment of micronutrients is a basic technique and it doesn't require a lot of foundation so it helps in expanding profitability, better manure use productivity and diminishes ecological risks. The examination work will be finished with the accompanying targets. To check the impact of foliar utilization of Zn on vegetative and conceptive development of chillies. To normalize the best portion of Zn for foliar application to build profitability of chillies. Audit OF LITERATURE Organically, Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) has a place with the family Solanaceae. Stew is a significant yield not according to financial perspective yet in addition because of its wholesome just as restorative worth. Development and improvement is influenced by the insufficiency or absence of micronutrients. Because vital of micronutrients according to plant development and advancement a great deal of specialists have chipped away at foliar utilization of micronutrients on foods grown from the ground. A concise investigation of detailed work is given beneath. The bean stew should be local to America where they have been developed for a huge number of years. Mexico and Northern Central America is believed to be the focal point of birthplace of Capsicum annuum L. what's more, were first acquainted with Indo-Pakistan sub-landmass in the seventeenth century by Portuguese and Spanish pioneers through exchange courses from South America (Malik, 1994). Baloch, et al., (2008) directed an investigation to check the impact of foliar utilization of full scale and micronutrients on creation of green chillies. They applied Higrow which is made out of Nitrophen (4 %), Nitrogen compound (12%), Iron (2%), Magnesium (2%), Manganese (2%), Boron (2%), Copper (4%), Molybdenum (2%), Potash (8%), P2O5 (12%) and Calcium (8%). They found that the foliar utilization of Higrow at 7 ml/L of water gave better development and yield contrasted with different medications. Datir, Apparao and Laware (2012) contemplated the impact of foliar utilization of naturally chelated micronutrients on development and yield in stew (Capsicum annum L.). The outcomes demonstrated that un-chelated micronutrient upgraded the development and yield and plant characters to 10-15 %, while amino corrosive shower added to 15-20% expansion. Though amino corrosive chelated micronutrients increment the development and yield contributing characters to 40-100% in stew. Dongre, Mahorkar, Joshi and Deo (2000) examined the impact of foliar use of micronutrients (Zn, Fe and B) on yield and amount of bean stew (Capsicum annuum L.) in mix of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.50% separately. They found that the treatment (ZnS04 0.50%) demonstrated most extreme yield while treatment (FeS04 0.25%) created greatest number of seeds/natural product. Singh and Singh (2012) explored the reaction of foliar utilization of micronutrients on development and yield of bean stew (Capsicum annuum L.). The outcomes showed that plant characters like number of organic product per plant, plant stature, natural product length, organic product yield, weight per foods grown from the ground of organic product per plant were higher by the foliar utilization of medicines 0.2 % iron and 0.3 % zinc when contrasted with different medications and control. El-Bassiony, Fawzy, El-Samad and Riad (2010) researched the impact of potassium prepares on development, yield and organic product nature of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). They found that to show signs of improvement vegetative and regenerative development, all out organic product yield and compound organization of sweet pepper could be acquired by foliar utilization of potassium humate (4 gm/L) or potassium oxide (4 ml/L) as a stimulative portion. Kaya and Higgs (2002) examined the reaction of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars to foliar utilization of Zn when developed in sand culture at low zinc. They found that the plants developed in low (0.15 Þâ ¼mol l㠢ë†â€™1) root zone zinc treatment had higher convergence of P and Fe moreover plants getting foliar utilizations of zinc at 3.5 mmol l㠢ë†â€™1 had higher P in both the leaves and organic product. Zn, Fe, P and K focus expanded with increment of zinc fixation in the supplement arrangement and furthermore as a foliar splash. At 7.70 Þâ ¼mol l㠢ë†â€™1 zinc in the supplement arrangement Mg was lower in the foundations of plants when contrasted with all other zinc medicines. They presumed that the negative impact of zinc inadequacy can without much of a stretch be constrained by the foliar utilization of Zn when it is applied at ideal range. Nasri, Khalatbari and Hossein (2011) led an examination of foliar utilization of Zn on subjective and quantitative highlights in bean (Phaseolous vulgaris) under various degrees of N and K composts. They found that the foliar use of Zn on bean had expanded all the qualities like sugar rate, starch yield, chlorophyll of leaves, radiation use effectiveness, protein rate and protein yield and so forth and furthermore diminished N compost rate without decrease in plant attributes. Abbasi, Baloch, Zia-ul-hassan, Wagan, Shah and Rajpar (2010) examined the development and yield of okra under foliar use of some new multi supplement manure items. The outcomes indicated that the plant characters like number of branches per plant, plant stature, number of organic products per plant, natural product length just as harvest yield of okra saw as most extreme by use of every one of the three foliar composts with the suggested soil applied compound manures. Kiran, Vyakaranahal, Raikar, Ravikumar and Deshpande (2010) examined seed yield and nature of brinjal as affected by crop sustenance. The outcomes showed that the use of NPK 100:100:50 kg/ha + Azospirillum + Phosphate solubilizing microscopic organisms (PSB) each @ 125 g for every ha (root plunging) + ZnSO4 (0.2%) splash gave most extreme plant stature (89.47 cm), number of leaves (87), number of natural products (20), organic product yield (27.06 t/ha), number of seeds per natural product (1852), number of branches (32), 1000 seed weight (7.90 g), level of germination (97), field development (91), seed yield (633 kg/ha) contrasted with different medications and control. Kanujia, Ahmed, Chattoo, Nayeema, Naryan (2006) considered the impact of micronutrients on development and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The outcomes showed that plant tallness was most extreme during both the seasons when foliar use of Zn was applied @ 100 ppm while greatest foliar utilization of blend of all supplements @ 100 ppm gave greatest plant spread, number of non-wrapper leaves, head weight, head yield and head distance across. Anees, Tahir, Shahzad and Mahmood (2011) directed an investigation to check the impact of foliar use of micronutrients (Fe, B and Zn) on the nature of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dusehri plants. They found that contrasted with control all the micronutrients gave better outcomes in term of natural product quality. Though trees showered with 0.4% FeSO4 + 0.8% H3BO3 + 0.8% ZnSO4 delivered the most extreme mash weight (169.2 g), ascorbic corrosive (150.3 mg/100 ml), complete dissolvable solids (27.9 Brixâ °), non-decreasing sugars (8.83%), and less stone weight (28.13 g) alongside low corrosiveness (0.178%) contrasted with rest of medicines and control. Ghazvineh and Yousefi (2012) considered the impact of micronutrient application on yield and yield parts of maize. The outcomes demonstrated that the foliar use of Zn, Fe and Mn with K compost expanded the quality and amount of maize and decreased the high utilization of manures. They likewise found that the best time of foliar application in maize is at stem prolongation stage and cob stretching stage to get the better return and proficient utilization of micronutrients.